Let’s briefly consider the structure of the brain.  In fact, the brain is a very complex structure, consisting of many parts, some of which we will now explore.
Major Parts of the Brain and Their Functions:

1. Cerebrum (The “Big Brain”): This is the largest part of the brain and is responsible for higher-level functions:
  * Cerebral Cortex: The outer layer of the cerebrum, responsible for:
    * Thinking, reasoning, language, memory, planning, and voluntary movement.
  * Lobes: The cerebrum is divided into four lobes, each with specialized functions:
    * Frontal Lobe: Planning, decision-making, personality, and motor control.
    * Parietal Lobe: Touch, temperature, pain, pressure, spatial awareness.
    * Temporal Lobe: Hearing, memory, language comprehension, and some aspects of emotion.
    * Occipital Lobe: Processing visual information.

2. Cerebellum (The “Little Brain”): Located at the back of the brain, it’s essential for:
  * Coordination, balance, and fine motor skills.

3. Brainstem: Connects the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord, controlling vital functions:
  * Breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, sleep-wake cycles, and reflexes.

Minor Parts of the Brain:

• Thalamus: Acts like a relay station, directing sensory information to the cerebrum.
• Hypothalamus: Regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, sleep, and hormone production.
• Pituitary Gland: “Master gland” that controls other endocrine glands, producing hormones that regulate growth, metabolism, and reproduction.
• Amygdala: Processes emotions, especially fear and aggression.
• Hippocampus: Learning and cognitive function. Forms new memories and plays a role in learning and spatial navigation.
***I was so obsessed with neuroscience that I even wrote a motivational letter called hippocampus 🙂 ***

Miyaning tuzilishini qisqacha ko’rib chiqamiz. Aslida miya juda murakkab tuzilgan bo’lib, juda ko’plab qismlardan iborat, hozir bularning ba’zilarini o’rganamiz.
Miyaning asosiy qismlari va ularning funktsiyalari:

1. Miya (“Katta miya”): Bu miyaning eng katta qismi bo’lib, yuqori darajadagi funksiyalar uchun javobgardir:
   * Miya po’stlog’i: Bosh miyaning tashqi qatlami, quyidagilar uchun javob beradi:
     * Fikrlash,  til, xotira, rejalashtirish va ixtiyoriy harakat.
   * Bo’laklar: Bosh miya to’rtta lobga bo’lingan, ularning har biri maxsus funksiyalarga ega:
     * Frontal lob: rejalashtirish, qaror qabul qilish, shaxsiyat va motorni boshqarish.
     * Parietal lob: teginish, harorat, og’riq, bosim, joylashuv.
     * Temporal lob: eshitish, xotira, tilni tushunish va hissiyotning ba’zi jihatlari.
     * Oksipital lob: vizual ma’lumotlarni qayta ishlash.

2. Serebellum (“Kichik miya”): Miyaning orqa qismida joylashgan bo’lib, u:
   * Muvofiqlashtirish, muvozanat va nozik vosita qobiliyatlari.

3. Miya poyasi: Bosh miya va serebellumni orqa miya bilan bog‘lab, hayotiy funksiyalarni boshqaradi:
   * Nafas olish, yurak urish tezligi, qon bosimi, uyqu va uyg’onish davrlari va reflekslar.

Miyaning kichik qismlari:

• Talamus: Sensor ma’lumotlarini bosh miyaga yo’naltiruvchi relay stantsiyasi (navbatma-navbat bajaruvchi) kabi ishlaydi.
• Gipotalamus: Tana harorati, ochlik, tashnalik, uyqu va gormon ishlab chiqarishni tartibga soladi.
• Gipofiz bezi: boshqa ichki sekretsiya bezlarini boshqaradigan, o’sishni, metabolizmni va ko’payishni tartibga soluvchi gormonlar ishlab chiqaradigan “bosh bez”.
• Amigdala: his-tuyg’ularni, ayniqsa qo’rquv va tajovuzni qayta ishlaydi.
• Hippocampus: O’rganish va kognitiv funksiya.  Yangi xotiralarni shakllantiradi va o’rganish va joylashuvga oid  navigatsiyada rol o’ynaydi.
***Men neuroscience ga shu qadar mukkasidan ketgan edimki, hippocampus deb nomlangan motivational letter ham yozgandim 🙂 ***